According to another version based on research, the region was inhabited by the Mazatec Indians before the arrival of the Nonoalca-Chichimeca, having come to it from the east, after a long journey, about the year 890 of our was. Its capital, called Matza-apatl, or Mazatlan, which take their name, was on the banks of the Rio Santo Domingo, near present Jalapa de Diaz According's own version, for 280 the Mazatec lived alone and independent until that around 1170 arrived the Nonoalca-Chichimeca that underwent. However, by the 1300s the Mazatec freed from the domination of Nonoalca-Chichimeca were two manors: the bottom or from the east and from the top or from the west. What is historically verifiable is that the territory was invaded and subjugated Mazatec by the Aztecs during the reign of Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, to the years of 1455-1456, who established military posts in Teotitlan del Camino and Tuxtepec in the top and bottom, respectively, for control. The heavy taxes levied by the Aztecs and the abuse they suffered, which resulted in the Mazatec rebelled repeatedly, though unsuccessfully, since, to the arrival of the Spanish in 1520, made common cause with them to fight against their oppressors. The Mazatec currently live in the northern part of the state of Oaxaca and, because of their displacement for reasons mentioned above, in some localities of the southern state of Veracruz. Its territory comprises two distinct regions both in regard to the environment and culturally: the top, in the spurs of the Sierra Madre Oriental, with heights ranging from 1.200 to 2.500 meters above sea level and lower ranging from sea level to 1,200 meters, which is located in the call Papaloapan Basin. The top has no major rivers and has a temperate climate, with some places quite cold and misty, and abundant rainfall in summer. It has forests of pine, oak, oak and madrone and peach trees, apple and pear. In the lower parts the main crop is coffee. The lower part is supplied by the Papaloapan and its three main tributaries: the Santo Domingo or Quiotepec, Tonto and Usila those whose flow and torrential rains, causing floods. The climate is generally warm and allows the crop, besides corn and beans, sesame, snuff, peanut, carrot and epazote. There are even fewer in part because of excessive logging, some patches of tropical forest, woods such as cedar, spring and Guanacaste. Among the fruits that are produced may be mentioned, among others, orange, lime,. avocado, mango and plum. The fauna is diverse comprising deer, mazates, ocelots, peccaries, armadillos, foxes and other small mammals, birds like the chachalaca, the linnet, the lark and the mockingbird and various reptiles among which its danger rattlesnakes, coral , deaf, and tail-bone Bejuquillo.